There are three main types of bankruptcy cases. These are referred to by their chapter number in the bankruptcy code chapter 7 chapter 11 and chapter 13. The bankruptcy code is federal not state law and bankruptcy cases are filed in the United States Bankruptcy Court, not in a state court the most common types of cases for.
The visuals are chapter 7 and chapter 13.
A chapter 7 is a liquidating bankruptcy in return for having debts discharged. Meaning the debtor is no longer legally obligated to pay them the debtor must turn over certain property to the Chapter 7 bankruptcy trustee the law allows the debtor to keep some property as exempt. So the debtor can make a fresh start in most chapter 7 cases. All property is exempt and so the debtor keeps all of the property those.
This is are sometimes called no asset cases. If a debtor has more assets than can be Exempted the trustee sells the non-exempt property and distributes the proceeds to the creditors according to priorities established by law very often there is not enough money to pay for anything more than the cost of administration. And so the creditors receive nothing the principal advantage of chapter 7 is that.
The debtor emerges from bankruptcy without any future obligations on his or her discharged deaths some debts cannot be discharged for example debts incurred through fraud or debts for child support and alimony,.
A Chapter 13 case is often used by individuals who want to catch up past due mortgage or car loan payments and keep their Assets in Chapter 13 the debtor must propose in good faith to pay all or part of the deaths from future income over a period of three to five years.
If the court approves the plan the debts may be settled in this manner, even if some creditors object to the plan if the debtor makes the required payments he or she will be able to keep his or her property chapter 13 can be a better choice than chapter 7 for those who are behind on their home mortgage or their car loans as well. As for other reasons for instance some of the debts that cannot be discharged in a chapter 7 can be.
Guards in Chapter 13. Also the debtor can pay some non-dischargeable federal taxes over the term of the chapter 13 plan without interest chapter 13 can only be used by an individual debtor not by a corporation an individual engaged in business. Not as a corporation might use chapter 13 to pay debts or subtle them over a period of time while he or she continues to own and operate the.
Business however chapter 13 can be used only if the total debts owed are less than certain limits for secured and unsecured debts.
Another type of bankruptcy case is a chapter 11 reorganization. It is generally used by businesses, but can be used by individual debtors who do not qualify for chapter 13 because their debts exceed the chapter 13 limit.